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SQL( Structured Query Language), is a standardized programming language used for managing and manipulating relational databases. It enables users to perform operations such as querying data, updating records, inserting new data, and deleting existing data. SQL is essential for data analysis, database administration, and application development.
Prerequisites
Prerequisites for learning SQL include a basic understanding of database concepts, familiarity with data types, and knowledge of at least one programming language to enhance comprehension of queries and data manipulation.
Learning Objectives
The learning objectives of SQL include mastering data retrieval, manipulation, and management techniques, understanding database design principles, and gaining proficiency in writing complex queries. Students will also learn to optimize queries and work with various database management systems effectively.
Course Overview
- Overview of SQL and RDBMS
- What is SQL? SQL Standards
- Types of Databases (RDBMS, NoSQL)
- Introduction to Database Management Systems
- SQL Environment Setup (MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQL Server)
- Basic SQL Syntax
- SELECT, FROM, WHERE, ORDER BY, LIMIT
- Filtering Data with WHERE, Comparison Operators
- Sorting and Limiting Results
- Data Types
- Common Data Types (INT, VARCHAR, DATE, etc.)
- Type Conversion Functions (CAST, CONVERT)
- Aggregate Functions
- COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX
- Grouping Data: GROUP BY and HAVING
- String Functions
- CONCAT, LENGTH, UPPER, LOWER, SUBSTRING
- Date and Time Functions
- CURDATE, NOW, DATEDIFF, DATE_ADD
- Joins in SQL
- INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, FULL OUTER JOIN
- Joining Multiple Tables
- Using Aliases for Table Names
- Subqueries and Nested Queries
- Inline Subqueries, Correlated Subqueries
- Using Subqueries with SELECT, INSERT, and UPDATE
- Unions and Intersections
- UNION, UNION ALL
- INTERSECT, EXCEPT
- Inserting Data
- INSERT INTO Single and Multiple Rows
- Bulk Insert
- Updating Data
- UPDATE with Conditions
- Modifying Data Across Multiple Tables
- Deleting Data
- DELETE with WHERE Clause
- TRUNCATE vs. DELETE
- Views in SQL
- Creating and Managing Views
- Updating Data through Views
- Indexes and Performance Tuning
- Creating and Managing Indexes
- Optimizing Queries with Indexing
- Stored Procedures and Functions
- Defining Stored Procedures
- Creating and Using User-defined Functions
- Transactions in SQL
- COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT
- Ensuring ACID Properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability)
- Constraints
- Primary Key, Foreign Key, Unique, Check Constraints
- Managing Referential Integrity
- User Roles and Permissions
- Creating Users and Granting Privileges
- Managing Roles and Access Controls
- SQL Injection and Security Best Practices
- Avoiding SQL Injection Attacks
- Writing Secure SQL Queries
- End-to-End Database Project
- Designing Database Schema
- Implementing SQL Queries for Data Manipulation and Retrieval
- Optimizing Query Performance
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Frequently Asked Questions
SQL courses typically last in 2 months.
Proficiency in SQL can lead to roles such as Database Administrator, Data Analyst, Business Intelligence Analyst, and Data Scientist.
Courses usually cover data retrieval, data manipulation, database design, normalization, joins, subqueries, indexing, and transaction management.
SQL remains in high demand as organizations rely on data-driven decision-making, making SQL skills crucial across various industries.
No, prior programming experience is not mandatory, but familiarity with basic programming concepts can be beneficial for understanding SQL queries.
SQL is widely used in industries such as finance, healthcare, technology, e-commerce, and marketing for data analysis and database management.
