C++
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C++ is an object-oriented programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in the early 1980s as an extension of the C programming language. It incorporates features such as classes, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation, enabling developers to create complex applications more efficiently. C++ supports both low-level and high-level programming, making it versatile for system programming, game development, and software engineering. Its Standard Template Library (STL) provides ready-to-use data structures and algorithms, enhancing productivity. C++ is widely used for performance-critical applications due to its ability to manipulate hardware resources and optimize memory management.
Prerequisites
To learn C++, a basic understanding of programming concepts is essential, especially familiarity with C programming, as C++ builds upon its principles. Knowledge of fundamental data structures, algorithms, and problem-solving skills will aid comprehension. It’s also helpful to grasp concepts like variables, loops, and functions. Familiarity with object-oriented programming (OOP) principles, such as classes and objects, is beneficial. Additionally, basic knowledge of computer operations and file management can enhance the learning experience.
Learning Objectives
The learning objective of C++ is to equip students with the skills to develop efficient and maintainable software using object-oriented programming principles. Students will learn to design and implement classes, manage memory effectively, and utilize data structures and algorithms. Key objectives include mastering inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation to create reusable code. By the end of the course, learners should be able to solve complex problems, develop applications, and understand the principles of software engineering and design patterns.
Course Overview
- Introduction to OOP
– Evolution of Programming
– Programming Paradigms
– Features & Applications of Object-Oriented Programming
– Advantages and Disadvantages of OOP
– Characteristics and Uses of C++
– Writing, Compiling, and Executing a C++ Program
- C++ Fundamentals
– Tokens, Keywords, Identifiers, and Naming Rules
– Data Types, Variables, and Constants
– Type Casting and Input/Output Statements
– Operators and Operator Precedence
- Flow Control
– Conditional Statements and Iteration Loops
– `break`, `continue`, and `goto` Statements
- Functions & Library Functions
– Purpose, Definition, Prototype, and Calling of Functions
– Call by Value vs. Call by Reference
– Scope of Variables and Storage Classes
– Recursive Functions and Inline Functions
- Arrays
– One-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Arrays
– Dynamic Initialization and Array Operations
– Passing Arrays to Functions
- String Handling
– Reading and Writing Strings
– String Operations and Arrays of Strings
- Pointers
– Pointer Basics, Arithmetic, and Null Pointers
– Function Pointers, Arrays of Pointers, and Memory Allocation
– Pointers with Arrays and Strings
- Structures, Unions, and Enumerated Types
– Structure Declaration, Initialization, and Member Access
– Union Declaration and Usage
– Enumerated Data Types
- Classes & Objects
– Class Declaration, Member Functions, and Access Specifiers
– Constructor and Destructor Types, Overloading, and Copying Objects
– Friend Functions and Nested Classes
- Inheritance and Polymorphism
– Types of Inheritance and Access Specifiers
– Virtual Functions, Pure Virtual Functions, and Abstract Classes
– Understanding IS-A and HAS-A Relationships
- Operator Overloading
– Purpose and Syntax of Operator Overloading
– Overloading Unary and Binary Operators
– Type Conversion
- Exception Handling
– Understanding Exception Handling Mechanism
– `try`, `catch`, and `throw` Keywords
– User-Defined Exceptions and Standard Exceptions
- File Handling
– Understanding File Streams and File Modes
– Reading and Writing Data from Files
– Binary File Operations and Error Handling
- Templates
– Function and Class Templates
– Class Templates with Inheritance and Operator Overloading
- Standard Template Library (STL)
Introduction to STL and its Components
Using Vectors, Lists, Maps, and Sets
STL Algorithms for Sorting and Searching
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Frequently Asked Questions
Ideal for students, software engineers, and game developers focused on high-performance applications.
Basics take about 2.5 months; advanced topics like memory management take longer depending on experience.
C++ is important for high-performance and resource-optimized applications like games and embedded systems.
Companies like Microsoft, Google, and Adobe use C++ for software and system development.
C++ is used in games, operating systems, financial systems, embedded systems, and simulations.
Jobs include game developer, system engineer, embedded developer, and financial software engineer.
Jobs are available in gaming, finance, and embedded systems on platforms like LinkedIn and Indeed.
Yes, C++ is widely used in game engines like Unreal for high-performance gaming.
C++ gives better control over system resources, making it great for performance-critical applications.
